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Convert between Hijri (Islamic) and Gregorian dates | Complete guide to all 12 Islamic months

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The 12 Islamic Months – Complete Guide

The Hijri calendar consists of 12 lunar months, totaling 354 or 355 days. Each month holds special significance in Islam.

1. Muharram ٱلْمُحَرَّم

Significance: The first month of the Islamic calendar. One of the four sacred months. The 10th day (Ashura) is observed with fasting, commemorating the salvation of Prophet Musa (Moses) and his people.

📌 Important: 1st Muharram – Islamic New Year | 10th Muharram – Day of Ashura (Fasting recommended)

2. Safar صَفَر

Significance: Named because pre-Islamic Arabs would leave their homes empty (isfar) during this month for battles and travel. No special religious obligations, but some misconceptions about bad omens are incorrect in Islam.

📌 Note: No superstitions about this month – all months are blessed by Allah.

3. Rabi' al-Awwal رَبِيع الْأَوَّل

Significance: The most joyous month for Muslims worldwide. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born on the 12th of this month. Many Muslims celebrate Mawlid (birth of the Prophet) with gatherings, poetry, and increased worship.

📌 Important: 12th Rabi' al-Awwal – Birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

4. Rabi' al-Thani رَبِيع الثَّانِي

Significance: Also known as Rabi' al-Akhir. No major obligatory events, but a time for continued good deeds and reflection.

📌 Note: Continue good practices from previous months.

5. Jumada al-Awwal جُمَادَى الْأَوَّل

Significance: Named for the freezing of water (jumada) during pre-Islamic times. The Battle of Muta, a significant early Islamic battle, took place in this month (8 AH).

📌 Historical: Battle of Muta (8 AH) – First major battle after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.

6. Jumada al-Thani جُمَادَى الثَّانِي

Significance: Also known as Jumada al-Akhirah. Fatima al-Zahra (daughter of Prophet Muhammad) passed away in this month (11 AH).

📌 Important: 3rd Jumada al-Thani – Death of Fatima al-Zahra (RA).

7. Rajab رَجَب

Significance: One of the four sacred months. Fighting is forbidden. The night of Isra and Miraj (the Prophet's night journey and ascension) is observed on the 27th.

📌 Important: 27th Rajab – Isra and Miraj (Night Journey)

8. Sha'ban شَعْبَان

Significance: The month of preparation for Ramadan. The Prophet (PBUH) fasted most of this month. The 15th night (Mid-Sha'ban / Laylat al-Bara'at) is a night of forgiveness.

📌 Important: 15th Sha'ban – Laylat al-Bara'at (Night of Forgiveness)

9. Ramadan رَمَضَان

Significance: The holiest month in Islam. Fasting from dawn to sunset is obligatory. The Quran was first revealed during this month. Laylatul Qadr (Night of Power) – better than 1,000 months – falls in the last 10 nights.

📌 Important: Last 10 nights – Laylatul Qadr | 1st Ramadan – Start of fasting

10. Shawwal شَوَّال

Significance: The month of Eid al-Fitr, celebrated on the 1st. Six days of fasting in Shawwal are highly recommended (like fasting the whole year).

📌 Important: 1st Shawwal – Eid al-Fitr | 6 days of Shawwal fast (2nd-7th)

11. Dhu al-Qi'dah ذُو الْقِعْدَة

Significance: One of the four sacred months. A month of truce where fighting is forbidden. Pilgrims begin preparations for Hajj.

📌 Note: Sacred month – maintain peace and good conduct.

12. Dhu al-Hijjah ذُو الْحِجَّة

Significance: The month of Hajj (pilgrimage). The first 10 days are the best days of the year. Day of Arafah (9th) – fasting expiates sins of two years. Eid al-Adha (10th) – Festival of Sacrifice.

📌 Important: 1st-10th – Best days of the year | 9th – Day of Arafah | 10th-13th – Eid al-Adha

Quick Reference: Islamic Months

#	Islamic Month	Arabic Name	Key Events
1	Muharram	ٱلْمُحَرَّم	Islamic New Year, Ashura (10th)
2	Safar	صَفَر	-
3	Rabi' al-Awwal	رَبِيع الْأَوَّل	Birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) - 12th
4	Rabi' al-Thani	رَبِيع الثَّانِي	-
5	Jumada al-Awwal	جُمَادَى الْأَوَّل	Battle of Muta
6	Jumada al-Thani	جُمَادَى الثَّانِي	Death of Fatima al-Zahra (RA)
7	Rajab	رَجَب	Sacred month, Isra and Miraj (27th)
8	Sha'ban	شَعْبَان	Preparation for Ramadan, Mid-Sha'ban (15th)
9	Ramadan	رَمَضَان	Fasting, Quran revealed, Laylatul Qadr
10	Shawwal	شَوَّال	Eid al-Fitr (1st), 6 days of fasting
11	Dhu al-Qi'dah	ذُو الْقِعْدَة	Sacred month, Hajj preparation
12	Dhu al-Hijjah	ذُو الْحِجَّة	Hajj, Day of Arafah (9th), Eid al-Adha (10th)

Frequently Asked Questions About Islamic Dates

❓ What is the Hijri calendar?

The Hijri calendar is the Islamic lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It was established during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), starting from the year of Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) migration (Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE.

❓ Why is the Hijri calendar shorter than the Gregorian calendar?

The Hijri calendar is based on the moon (lunar), while the Gregorian calendar is based on the sun (solar). A lunar year is about 10-12 days shorter than a solar year, which is why Islamic dates "move" earlier each year in the Gregorian calendar.

❓ What are the four sacred months in Islam?

The four sacred months are: Muharram, Rajab, Dhu al-Qi'dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah. During these months, fighting is forbidden, and good deeds are considered more virtuous. Muslims are encouraged to increase worship and avoid conflict during these blessed times.

❓ How can I find today's Islamic date?

You can find today's Islamic date at the top of this page! Our tool automatically shows you the current Hijri date based on accurate calculations. Just refresh the page to see today's date.

❓ How do I convert a Gregorian date to Hijri?

Simply select "Gregorian → Hijri" above, enter the day, month, and year, then click "Convert to Hijri". Our tool will instantly show you the corresponding Islamic date.

❓ When is Ramadan in 2026?

Based on the Hijri calendar, Ramadan 1448 AH is expected to begin around late February or early March 2026. Use our date converter to check exact dates for your location!

More Islamic Tools You May Need

📅 Understanding the Islamic Hijri Calendar

The Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic rituals and observances such as Ramadan fasting, Hajj pilgrimage, and Eid celebrations. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is based on the solar year, the Hijri calendar is based on the sighting of the moon.

The Hijri calendar was established during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), with the first year corresponding to the year of Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) migration (Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. This is why it's called the Hijri calendar. The current Islamic year is 1448 AH (Anno Hegirae – "in the year of the Hijrah").

🌟 Why the Hijri Calendar Matters for Every Muslim

For Muslims worldwide, the Hijri calendar is not just a dating system – it's a spiritual guide. It helps us observe important religious duties:

🌙 Determining Ramadan: The ninth month when fasting is obligatory. Muslims look for the new moon to know when Ramadan begins.
🕋 Hajj Pilgrimage: The pilgrimage to Makkah takes place during the twelfth month (Dhu al-Hijjah).
🕌 Eid Celebrations: Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the first day of Shawwal, and Eid al-Adha on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah.
📖 Sacred Months: Muharram, Rajab, Dhu al-Qi'dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah are considered sacred months where fighting is forbidden.
🤲 Special Nights: Laylatul Qadr (Night of Power) during Ramadan and Laylat al-Bara'at (Mid-Sha'ban) are times of intense worship.

📜 Difference Between Hijri and Gregorian Calendar

Feature	Hijri Calendar	Gregorian Calendar
Based on	Moon (Lunar)	Sun (Solar)
Days per year	354 or 355 days	365 or 366 days
Months	12 (29-30 days each)	12 (28-31 days each)
Starts from	Hijrah (622 CE)	Birth of Jesus (1 CE)
Used for	Islamic rituals	Civil daily life

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❤️ May Allah increase our knowledge and grant us the ability to follow the Quran and Sunnah. Ameen. Share this Islamic calendar guide with family and friends!